SATO-CALIBRAGE : présentation d’un outil d’assistance au choix et à la rédaction de textes pour l’enseignement

Depuis quelques années, un projet conjoint mené par l’Université du Québec à Montréal et le ministère de l’Éducation porte sur le développement d’un indice de lisibilité des textes, appelé SATO-CALIBRAGE. Des préoccupations de choix et de rédaction de textes en contexte scolaire ont été à l’origine du projet. Dans cet article, de nature descriptive, on présente l’application SATO-CALIBRAGE et on explique la méthodologie qui a été adoptée en exposant les dispositifs linguistique et mathématique qui ont été mis en place. L’indice lui-même et la façon de le calculer sont aussi présentés. En outre, quelques exemples d’utilisations en didactique, en évaluation et en rédaction sont fournis afin d’aider à comprendre les contextes d’utilisation éventuels.In recent years, the Université du Québec à Montréal and the ministère de l'Éducation have been conducting a joint project for the development of a readability index known as SATO-CALIBRAGE. The project was initiated in response to concerns about the selection and writing of texts for use in schools. This article discusses the development of SATO-CALIBRAGE and explains the adopted methodology by examining the linguistic and mathematics instruments featured. The index itself and the way in which it is tabulated are also described, as well as the prototype currently under development. Some applications in teaching, evaluation and writing are outlined in order to indicate possible contexts for use. Finally, future prospects for the index are discussed

A PDMP model of the epithelial cell turn-over in the intestinal crypt including microbiota-derived regulations

International audienceHuman health and physiology is strongly influenced by interactions between human cells and intestinal microbiota in the gut. In mammals, the host-microbiota crosstalk is mainly mediated by regulations at the intestinal crypt level: the epithelial cell turnover in crypts is directly influenced by metabolites produced by the microbiota. Conversely, enterocytes maintain hypoxia in the gut, favorable to anaerobic bacteria which dominate the gut microbiota. We constructed an individual-based model of epithelial cells interacting with the microbiota-derived chemicals diffusing in the crypt lumen. This model is formalized as a piecewise deterministic Markov process (PDMP). It accounts for local interactions due to cell contact (among which are mechanical interactions), for cell proliferation, differentiation and extrusion which are regulated spatially or by chemicals concentrations. It also includes chemicals diffusing and reacting with cells. A deterministic approximated model is also introduced for a large population of small cells, expressed as a system of porous media type equations. Both models are extensively studied through numerical exploration. Their biological relevance is thoroughly assessed by recovering bio-markers of an healthy crypt, such as cell population distribution along the crypt or population turn-over rates. Simulation results from the deterministic model are compared to the PMDP model and we take advantage of its lower computational cost to perform a sensitivity analysis by Morris method. We finally use the crypt model to explore butyrate supplementation to enhance recovery after infections by enteric pathogens

Modélisation et caractérisation d’un circulateur auto-polarisé en bande millimétrique

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Modeling and characterization of self-biased circulators in the mm-wave range

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Self-biased Y-junction Circulators using Lanthanum- and Cobalt-substituted Strontium hexaferrites

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Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Report of an international multicenter cohort study with propensity score matching

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. In patients where surgical resection is possible, outcome is influenced by perioperative morbidity and lymph node status. Laparoscopic liver resection is associated with improved clinical and oncological outcomes in primary and metastatic liver cancer compared with open liver resection, but evidence on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is still insufficient.The primary aim of this study was to compare overall survival for a large series of patients treated for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by open or laparoscopic approach. Secondary objectives were to compare disease-free survival, predictors of death, and recurrence.Methods: Patients treated with laparoscopic or open liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from 2000 to 2018 from 3 large international databases were analyzed retrospectively. Each patient in the laparoscopic resection group (case) was matched with 1 open resection control (1:1 ratio), through a propensity score calculated on clinically relevant preoperative covariates. Overall and disease-free survival were compared between the matched groups. Predictors of mortality and recurrence were analyzed with Cox regression, and the Textbook Outcomes were described.Results: During the study period, 855 patients met the inclusion criteria (open liver resection = 709, 82.9%; laparoscopic liver resection = 146, 17.1%). Two groups of 89 patients each were analyzed after propensity score matching, with no significant difference regarding pre-and postoperative variables. Overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 92%, 75%, and 63% in the laparoscopic liver resection group versus 92%, 58%, and 49% in the open liver resection group (P = .0043). Adjusted Cox regression revealed severe postoperative complications (hazard ratio: 10.5, 95% confidence interval [1.01-109] P = .049) and steatosis (hazard ratio: 13.8, 95% confidence interval [1.23-154] P = .033) as predictors of death, and transfusion (hazard ratio: 19.2, 95% confidence interval [4.04-91.4] P < .001) and severe postoperative complications (hazard ratio: 4.07, 95% confidence interval [1.15-14.4] P = .030) as predictors of recurrence.Conclusion: The survival advantage of laparoscopic liver resection over open liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is equivocal, given historical bias and missing data. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved